Existence in Infinite Cycles: From Einstein to Penrose on the Cyclical Universe and the Philosophy of Creation

Existence in Infinite Cycles: From Einstein to Penrose on the Cyclical Universe and the Philosophy of Creation

introduction to writing:

In this article, we will examine in depth the cyclical universe theories first put forward by Albert Einstein and developed by Roger Penrose, their relationship with the philosophy of creation, and how they may affect our perspective on the origin of the universe. By explaining complex concepts and scientific terms, we will comprehensively discuss the place of cyclical universe models in our effort to understand the mysteries of the universe.

 Albert Einstein's Cyclic Universe Model:

In the early years of his general theory of relativity, Einstein attempted to develop a static model of the universe. In this model, the universe had an infinite and eternal mass-energy distribution. But this model contradicted the observed expansion of the universe. To resolve this contradiction, Einstein proposed the "quivering universe" model in 1931. In this model, the universe existed in cycles of expansion and contraction. Each cycle would begin with a Big Bang and end with a Big Crunch. These cycles would continue forever, creating an infinite number of universes.

Penrose's Conformal Cyclic Cosmology:

Penrose developed Einstein's cyclic model of the universe by combining it with quantum mechanics. According to Penrose, there was a universe before the Big Bang. This universe was formed by the accumulation of energy swallowed by black holes. Black holes trigger a new Big Bang by radiating the absorbed energy back in the form of Hawking radiation. These cycles continue forever, creating new universes. Penrose's model also allows the universe to avoid singularities (points of infinite density and near-zero volume).

Scientific Terms Used in Cyclic Universe Models:

General Theory of Relativity: It is Einstein's theory of gravity. This theory explains how mass and energy bend and warp space-time.

Big Bang: It is an event in which the universe began to expand suddenly from an extremely hot and dense point approximately 13.8 billion years ago.

Great Crash: It is the event when the universe stops expanding and starts shrinking again.

Black Hole: It is an object so dense that even light cannot escape its own gravitational force.

Hawking Radiation: It is the type of radiation emitted from black holes and explained by quantum mechanics.

Singularity: It is a point of infinite density and near-zero volume that is thought to have existed at the time of the Big Bang.

Quantum Mechanics: It is the branch of physics that studies the behavior of subatomic particles.

Cyclical Universe Theories and Creation Philosophy:

Cyclical universe theories have had a significant impact on the philosophy of creation. These theories suggest that the universe is an eternal and timeless entity, with no beginning or end. This brings a new perspective to the question of why the universe exists. Additionally, cyclical universe models show that the universe can exist without the need for a divine creator.

Philosophical Problems Expressed by Cyclic Universe Models:

Concept of Infinity: Cyclic universe models argue for the existence of an infinite number of universes. This situation brings with it philosophical problems such as conceptualizing and understanding infinity.

Nature of Time: In cyclical universe models, it is argued that time does not have a linear flow and that the past, present and future are intertwined. This raises philosophical questions regarding the metaphysics and ontology of time.

Criticisms of Cyclic Universe Models:

Cyclic universe theories offer a groundbreaking perspective on the origin of the universe. These theories, although still not fully proven, have an important place in the fields of creation philosophy and cosmology. Future research may help us test the accuracy of these theories and better understand the mysteries of the universe.

Conclusion:

Theories of the cyclic universe are still under development and subject to much criticism. One of the most important criticisms is that these models cannot be tested. Since our observations are limited only to the universe we are in, we cannot have information about the past or future universes.

LAST WORD

I want you to know that I am back after almost a year. It's not just science and not just philosophy for you anymore. It will be my first mission on this site to present articles that blend these two. Thank you for reading. stay healthy.

Writer:Yunus Emre Eşkin